The aim of this study was to develop the Mixed-effects model and compare it with nonlinear models for estimating beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L. ) heights in the Shast-kalateh forests (district 1 and 2) of Gorgan. We applied a systematic sampling method to collect the field data within a 150×200 m network (308 circular plots) and in each plot, tree species were identified and height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees were measured. Model fitting was done in two stages: Fixed-effect approach was used in the first stage wherein candidate models where height (dependent variable) and DBH (independent variable). These were refitted in the second stage using a Mixed-effect approach. The adjusted coefficient of determination and root mean square error, were used to assess the models. The results of fitting nonlinear models showed that for the beech, Curtis and Naslund models had the highest coefficient of determination of 0. 76 and the lowest root mean square error of 3. 35 and 3. 40, respectively. For hornbeam, Naslund and Michailoff models with the coefficient of determination of 0. 40 and the root mean square error of 2. 95 and 2. 90 were selected as the best models. The results of nonlinear Mixed effects model showed that the R2 for beech and hornbeam species increased by 10% and 30% respectively, and the RMSE improved about 0. 65 for beech and 0. 6 for hornbeam.

In the current study, a production and distribution network (PDN) is formulated to deliver the products to both inland and outland customers in the least amount of time and optimize the total profit of the network, simultaneously. The proposed network is a multistage PDN with multi suppliers, multi producers, multi entrepots, multi retailers, and multi inland and outland customers with multitime period horizon with allowable shortage. A Mixed integerprogramming model is designed to minimize total cost of the system and minimize total delivery lead time. We applied a novel heuristic method called selective firefly algorithm (SFA) in order to solve several sized, especially real-world, instances. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is examined by solving several sized instances. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm is of higher performance.

A common method for controlling a group of parallel converters in decentralized control strategy structure in an island microgrid, the use is the droop-down characteristics of frequency ω-P and voltage E-Q. However, the problem with using this method is that the reactive power is not properly distributed (in proportion to the capacity of the micronutrients) between the micronutrients, which may lead to overload in the converters. Microgrids may also suffer from dynamic stability problems such as power fluctuations, which can be increased by switching between active and reactive power control. To avoid this problem, the X / R ratio of transmission lines is an important parameter that should be carefully considered in the design of micronutrient controllers. By linearizing and simplifying conditions, the control system conversion function model becomes a single input-single output system, which is efficient enough to show the relationship between control parameters such as slope of droop characteristics and derivative sentences, virtual impedance, and voltage controllers. Using this model, stability conditions for different parameters are analyzed. Also, to improve power distribution stability, common droop strategies are modified by adjusting the slope as well as adding nonlinear sentence sections. This approach reduces the coupling between active and reactive power control and reduces the dependence of power distribution on grid parameters such as the X / R ratio. To evaluate the reliability of the proposed model, the simulation results in a sample island microgrid in MATLAB software are presented.

Background and Aims: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common problem in maxillofacial area, which is often diagnosed with pain, temporomandibular joint malfunction and masticatory muscles dysfunction. Teenagers and adolescents are susceptible to TMD, but no information is available regarding the prevalence of TMD in this groups. Furthermore, a few investigations have evaluated the prevalence of TMD in Mixed dentition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TMD in Mixed dentition and its association with malocclusion.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 222 patients with the age of 6-12 years referred to Pediatric and Orthodontic departments of Tehran University Dental School were evaluated. Clinical examinations were done and questionnaires were filled out. The data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 and logistic regression test.Results: The prevalence of TMD in Mixed dentition was 14.4%, which was higher in girls compared with the boys. The most TMD prevalence in the Mixed dentition was seen in 11-12 year old patients. The prevalence of joint sound, masticatory muscle tenderness, and joint pain was 23.9%, 20.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. CL III malocclusion showed higher TMD prevalence and also TMD was more common in children with 6 mm overjet and more. Unilateral posterior cross bite, deviation of mandible, and TMD were significantly related to each other.Conclusion: In the present study, temporomandibular disorder was related to malocclusion.

Background and Aim: Among different treatments of patients with Class III malocclusion, orthopedic protraction of maxilla has been known as an effective method in Mixed dentition period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cephalometric changes of Cl III patients in Mixed dentition period following face mask therapy and slow maxillary expansion.Materials and Methods: This was a before-after study which was conducted on 10 children in Mixed dentition period, who had class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiency according to the Stiener and Mc Namara's analysis. The patients were all treated by protraction face mask and slow maxillary expansion. The cephalometric changes of maxilla, mandible and dental relations during the treatment were analyzed by Paired sample T Test. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significant.Results: The overjet increasement was 1.7mm. Co. ANS distance improvement was 5.6mm, Ptm.ANS distance increasing was 3mm, and ultimately improvement of Gf.s distance was 1.5mm which were all statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, face mask therapy with slow maxillary expansion is able to improve the horizotal position of maxilla, in patients with Cl III malocclusion, in Mixed dentition period.

Walnut has a high economic value because of the good quality of wood and fruits. So this species has been harvested since many years ago till today and has been introduced as a protected species. The performance of Juglans regia increases in wet years, but reduces in dry years, hence paying attention to physiological and morphological parameters in order to identify the genomic regions related to drought resistant is important for breeding programs in walnut. In this study, genetic diversity by SSR markers has been evaluated. Also, the association of used primers with physiological and morphological traits were analyzed before and after drought stress. 10 SSR primer pairs generated 53 alleles in 62 walnut seedlings. All locies showed significant difference (p£0.01) from the Hardy-Weinberg. Dendrogram of the Neighbour-Joining method showed that 62 walnut seedlings divided to four main groups. Analyses of population structure by Structure 2.3.1 software identified two sub populations (k=2). Based on association mapping analysis, by using MLM (Mixed liner model) method, transpiration, conductance and photosynthesis have been controlled by WGA9 and WGA69 locies in normal condition. In stress condition WGA1 loci showed relationship with CO2 concentration that was covered %75 of variations of this trait. The results of this study can be used in breeding programs of Juglans regia to identify drought resistant varieties.

The subject of marriage with foreigners is always discussed as a matter that we should decide about it, according to different circumstances.There are two theories in this subject: Some legal systems insist on unity of nationality, to protect family. Some others have accepted independence of nationality, to observe equality of man and woman. In Iran the opinion of legislator in this subject is different when an Iranian woman is going to marry with a foreign man, and when an Iranian man is going to marry with a foreign woman. In 2006, ministry of foreign affairs had proposed to the parliament an amendment to article 976 of Civil Code, about the clang of nationality of foreign woman who has married with un Iranian man (imposed nationality). But the parliament has rejected it, and approved again the theory of unity of nationality.